Warhaven cairns12/12/2023 1936ĭebris from the construction of a railway to Herberton on the Atherton Tableland, a project which started in 1886, was also used. Farm in Cairns in 1897 Cairns War Memorial, c. The Cairns Parish of the Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Cooktown (now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns) was established in 1884. Labourers gradually cleared the swamps, and the sand ridges were filled with dried mud, sawdust from local sawmills, and ballast from a quarry at Edge Hill. The site was predominantly mangrove swamps and sand ridges. Battle Camp was renamed Cairns in late 1876 in honour of the then Governor of Queensland, William Cairns. However, after Native Police officers Alexander Douglas-Douglas and Robert Arthur Johnstone opened a new track from the goldfields to Battle Camp, this more coastal site became preferable. Sheridan surveyed the area and selected a place further up Trinity Inlet known to the diggers as Smith's Landing for a settlement which he renamed Thornton. In 1876, hastened by the need to export gold mined from the Hodgkinson goldfields on the tablelands to the west, closer investigation by several official expeditions established its potential for development into a port. The area from this date was subsequently called Battle Camp. A violent confrontation occurred in 1872 between local Yidinji people and Phillip Garland, a beche de mer fisherman, over the use of this well. On the site of the modern-day Cairns foreshore, there was a large native well which was used by these fishermen. The arrival of beche de mer fishermen from the late 1860s saw the first European presence in the area. 1874 map showing native wells situated within the future site of Cairnsįrom 1770 to the early 1870s the area was known to the British simply as Trinity Bay. The area in which the city is located is known in the local Yidiny language as Gimuy, and the clan who inhabited the region before colonisation are the Gimuy-walubarra clan. Its traditional language region is within the local government areas of Cairns Region and Tablelands Region, in such localities as Cairns, Gordonvale, and the Mulgrave River, and the southern part of the Atherton Tableland including Atherton and Kairi. Yidinji (also known as Yidinj, Yidiny, and Idindji) is an Australian Aboriginal language. Prior to British settlement, the Cairns area was inhabited by the Gimuy Walubara Yidinji people, who still claim their native title rights. In the early 21st century it has developed into a major metropolitan city.Ĭairns is a popular tourist destination because of its tropical climate and access to tropical rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef, one of the seven natural wonders of the world. By the late 20th century the city had become a centre of international tourism. ĭuring World War II, the city became a staging ground for the Allied Forces in the Battle of the Coral Sea. Cairns also served as a port for blackbirding ships, which crews transported slaves and indentured labourers to the sugar plantations of Innisfail. Throughout the late 19th century, Cairns prospered from the settlement of Chinese immigrants who helped develop the region's agriculture. The city was founded in 1876 and named after Sir William Wellington Cairns, following the discovery of gold in the Hodgkinson river. The city is the 5th-most-populous in Queensland, and 15th in Australia. The population as of the Census 2021 was 169,312, having grown on average 1.02% annually over the preceding five years. 16★5′S 145☄7′E / 16.92°S 145.78☎ / -16.92 145.78 ( Cairns (town centre))Ĭairns ( / ˈ k ɛər n z/, locally / ˈ k æ n z/ ( listen) Yidiny: Gimuy) is a city in Queensland, Australia, on the tropical north east coast of Far North Queensland.
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